China Visit Guide
Zhangye Danxia (Rainbow Mountains)
Natural site · GANSU · UNESCO
Zhangye Danxia (Rainbow Mountains)
张掖丹霞 · Zhāngyè Dānxiá
About
UNESCO-listed multicoloured sandstone hills in northwest Gansu. Stripes of red, orange, yellow and white from cretaceous sediment layers.
The Zhangye Danxia landform — marketed outside China as the Rainbow Mountains — is a 510-square-kilometre geological park in the Linze and Sunan counties of Gansu, formed from Cretaceous-period sandstone and conglomerate deposits that have been differentially stained by iron oxides and trace minerals over tens of millions of years. The result is a landscape of ridges and badlands where the exposed strata run horizontally in bands of red, orange, yellow, white, and in places purple or green. The specific palette depends on the mineral composition of each layer: haematite produces reds, limonite produces yellows, and interactions between ferrous minerals and silica produce the more unusual hues. Uplift associated with the formation of the Tibetan Plateau tilted and exposed these layers; subsequent erosion carved them into the rippled, blade-like ridges visible today. UNESCO listed the site in 2010 as part of the China Danxia World Heritage inscription, which also covers danxia formations in Guangdong, Fujian, and four other provinces.
The visitor experience is organised around a shuttle bus that stops at four numbered viewpoint platforms along an entrance road. Each platform offers a different angle on the formations, with the colour banding best visible in the low-angle light of sunrise and sunset. The colour saturation is genuinely dramatic in those conditions; the midday light flattens the effect considerably. Viewpoint 4, the farthest from the entrance, is generally considered the most varied in terms of landform complexity. The platforms are paved and accessible, requiring no hiking.
Zhangye sits on the Hexi Corridor and connects naturally into a Silk Road itinerary combining it with Jiayuguan Pass (150 kilometres west) and Dunhuang (a further 400 kilometres). High-speed rail connects Zhangye with Lanzhou and Jiayuguan.
How to get there
HSR Lanzhou or Dunhuang to Zhangye West, then taxi.
When to visit
May–October. Sunrise or sunset for the colour.
Other attractions in Dunhuang
Itineraries featuring this site
- Gansu and Ningxia — Yinchuan, Lanzhou, Zhangye, Jiayuguan and Dunhuang, 7 days
7d · Seven days across two northwest provinces — the Hui Muslim city of Yinchuan, Yellow River Lanzhou, the Danxia rainbow hills, Jiayuguan Fort and the Mogao Caves at Dunhuang.
- Silk Road — Xi'an, Lanzhou, Zhangye, Jiayuguan, Dunhuang
10d · The Hexi Corridor: Xi'an east-to-west by HSR through the Buddhist cave-temples and Silk Road forts.
- Silk Road — Xi'an to Kashgar, 14 days
14d · The full Hexi Corridor route from Xi'an west through Lanzhou, Dunhuang and the Taklamakan edge to Turpan and Kashgar — the historical Silk Road across northwest China.
- First-timer China — 21 days with northwest Silk Road extension
21d · Three weeks across China: the classic eastern cities, a Yunnan highland loop, and a Silk Road extension through Gansu into the northwest — covering the range of what China actually contains.
Other natural sites in China
- Badain Jaran Desert — Lakes and Dunes巴丹吉林沙漠—沙山湖泊群
UNESCO · UNESCO Natural World Heritage site in Inner Mongolia — the third largest desert in China, featuring some of the world's tallest stationary dunes and a unique network of freshwater and saline lakes sustained by a still-unexplained subterranean water system.
- China Danxia中国丹霞
UNESCO · UNESCO Natural World Heritage site — a serial property of six Danxia landscapes across six provinces, representing China's defining red-cliff-and-pillar sandstone landform type, including Danxia Mountain, Zhangye, Taining and Langshan.
- Crescent Lake & Mingsha Mountain月牙泉与鸣沙山
Spring-fed crescent-shaped lake at the foot of 250m sand dunes, 5 km south of Dunhuang. Camel rides, sand-sledding, sunset viewing.
- Daocheng Yading Nature Reserve稻城亚丁
A remote highland sanctuary in south-western Sichuan centred on three sacred snow peaks venerated by Tibetan Buddhism, often called the 'last Shangri-La'.
- Dianchi Lake Kunming滇池
The largest freshwater lake in Yunnan at 300 km², historically the scenic centrepiece of the Kunming basin and now being restored after decades of water-quality degradation.
- Erhai Lake洱海
250 km² freshwater lake east of Dali Old Town. 130 km cycling loop; Bai-minority lakeside villages on the eastern shore.
- Fanjingshan梵净山
UNESCO · UNESCO Natural World Heritage site in Guizhou — an isolated mountain island rising from subtropical forest, home to two critically endangered endemic species: the Guizhou snub-nosed monkey and the Fanjingshan fir.
- Hailuogou Glacier National Park海螺沟冰川
The lowest-altitude glacier accessible in Asia, flowing from the slopes of Mount Gongga down through a bamboo and subtropical forest valley to just 2,980 m above sea level.
Other UNESCO World Heritage sites in China
- Ancient City of Ping Yao — Heritage Overview平遥古城—文化遗产综览
The walled city of Pingyao, inscribed by UNESCO in 1997, preserves the most complete example of Ming-Qing urban planning in China — its banking heritage, city wall, temples and courtyard residences forming a cohesive historical ensemble.
- Ancient Villages of Southern Anhui — Xidi and Hongcun皖南古村落—西递、宏村
UNESCO-listed pair of Ming-Qing Huizhou merchant villages in southern Anhui, renowned for whitewashed walls, inky horsehead gables and moon-shaped ponds.
- Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City良渚古城遗址
UNESCO-listed archaeological site in Hangzhou preserving the remains of a 5,000-year-old city with a sophisticated water-management system, jade ritual culture and social hierarchy — regarded as one of the earliest state-level societies in East Asia.
- Badain Jaran Desert — Lakes and Dunes巴丹吉林沙漠—沙山湖泊群
UNESCO Natural World Heritage site in Inner Mongolia — the third largest desert in China, featuring some of the world's tallest stationary dunes and a unique network of freshwater and saline lakes sustained by a still-unexplained subterranean water system.
- Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom高句丽王城、王陵及贵族墓葬
UNESCO-listed capital cities and royal tombs of the Koguryo Kingdom in Jian, Jilin — the Chinese portion of a transnational heritage property shared with North Korea, representing one of the most powerful states of ancient East Asia.
- China Danxia中国丹霞
UNESCO Natural World Heritage site — a serial property of six Danxia landscapes across six provinces, representing China's defining red-cliff-and-pillar sandstone landform type, including Danxia Mountain, Zhangye, Taining and Langshan.
- Classical Gardens of Suzhou (UNESCO)苏州古典园林
UNESCO-listed collection of private gardens in Suzhou — four inscribed in 1997 and five more added in 2000 — representing the pinnacle of Chinese garden design through the refined integration of architecture, water, rock and plant.
- Couple's Retreat Garden耦园
UNESCO-listed Suzhou garden organised symmetrically around a central residence. Less crowded than the four most-visited gardens.
Frequently asked questions
- How much does Zhangye Danxia (Rainbow Mountains) cost to visit?
- Adult entry to Zhangye Danxia (Rainbow Mountains) is ¥75, ¥37 for children. Plus shuttle ¥20.
- When is Zhangye Danxia (Rainbow Mountains) open?
- Zhangye Danxia (Rainbow Mountains) opening hours: 5:30am–8pm summer; 7:30am–6pm winter.
- How long do you need at Zhangye Danxia (Rainbow Mountains)?
- Allow 4–6 hours for Zhangye Danxia (Rainbow Mountains). Add buffer time if you plan to visit at peak season or include nearby sights in the same trip.
- When is the best time to visit Zhangye Danxia (Rainbow Mountains)?
- May–October. Sunrise or sunset for the colour.
- How do you get to Zhangye Danxia (Rainbow Mountains)?
- HSR Lanzhou or Dunhuang to Zhangye West, then taxi.
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