practical · 5 May 2026

Chinese Train Classes Explained: Soft vs Hard Sleeper, and Everything Else

Chinese trains have five or six ticket classes depending on the train type. Here is exactly what each one means, what the physical experience is, and which to choose for which journey.

China's train system has expanded dramatically — HSR now covers most city pairs under 1,000km — but overnight trains remain the practical choice for longer distances.

HSR Classes

High-speed trains (G and D prefix) have Second Class (2+3 seating), First Class (2+2, more legroom), and Business Class (fully reclining). HSR trains generally do not have sleeper carriages.

Overnight Train Classes

Hard Seat (硬座): padded upright seats, suitable under 8 hours. Hard Sleeper (硬卧): open six-berth compartments, three tiers each side. Lower berths most desirable — most space and easiest access. Soft Sleeper (软卧): four-berth closed compartments with a sliding door, more privacy. Costs about 50% more than Hard Sleeper. Deluxe Soft Sleeper: two-berth private compartments on premium routes.

Practical Notes

Each berth has a pillow and blanket. Overnight trains have dining carriages. No luggage limit on trains. Long-distance trains often arrive early (04:00–06:00) — plan accordingly.

Booking

All trains book through the 12306 app with passport number. Tickets open 15 days before departure.